High Voltage: EV graveyards could be US$1b source of critical minerals by 2045
Mining
Mining
Our High Voltage column wraps all the news driving ASX stocks with exposure to lithium, cobalt, graphite, nickel, rare earths, and vanadium.
With over 100 million Electric Vehicles expected to reach end-of-life over the next two decades, IDTechEx reckons these automotive scraps could become an attractive source of critical minerals.
IDTechEx’s “Critical Material Recovery 2025-2045: Technologies, Markets, Players” report predicts that the value of critical materials recovered annually by 2045 will surpass a whopping US$100b.
The recovery of valuable platinum, palladium, and rhodium used in catalytic converters for emission control has long supported the auto scrap recycling market, with a typical internal combustion engine vehicle containing US$100s to US$1000s worth of PGMs.
But greater vehicle electrification presents critical metals and rare-earth elements used in Li-ion batteries and electric motors are the emerging value opportunity, the report states.
In electric vehicles, high-value critical material components reside within the battery and the electric motor.
Tens of kilograms of critical metals, such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt, are used in cathode materials within Li-ion batteries.
Plus, rare-earth elements such as neodymium, praseodymium, and terbium compose up to 33% by weight of the NdFeB permanent magnets used in the electric motor.
IDTechEx estimates that up to US$1600 worth of critical Li-ion battery metals and rare-earth elements can be recovered per electric vehicle.
Already automotive OEMs, including Ford, BMW, and Bentley, are building circular REE supply chains to mitigate supply challenges, but short term they’ll still have to weather low end-of-life component supply while the majority of EVs remain in use.
Long term, recovering these critical minerals from EVs is not so straightforward compared to ICE vehicles, so IDTechEx says pyrometallurgical (smelting) and hydrometallurgical metal extraction technologies will need to mature a bit before we’ll see this as a viable secondary source.
Here’s how a basket of ASX stocks with exposure to lithium, cobalt, graphite, nickel, rare earths, magnesium, manganese and vanadium is performing >>>
Up 142% for the month, Petratherm is the big critical minerals winner for the second week in a row according to High Voltage’s assessment, though these figures were clipped up before an 8% drop yesterday.
That came about after the company used the recent run in its shares to raise $1.6m in a share placement, with another $1m sought from existing shareholders in a share purchase plan.
Cashed-up, the explorer is seeking to start drilling operations in early October, having sampled high grade titanium rich heavy mineral sands over several kilometres at its Muckanippie project in South Australia.
“The Australian Government along with the United States, the European Union, India, Japan, South Korea and the United Kingdom designated Titanium as a critical mineral for essential modern technologies, economies and national security,” PTR said last week after releasing the results of sampling to the market.
“Titanium has uses in electric vehicles and battery storage, wind technology, pigments, and as an alloy in steel and superalloys..
The global market is expected to grow from US$28.6bn in 2022 to US$52bn by 2030.
Chalice is back over a $500 million valuation after a major run in recent days capped by a 14.5% gain yesterday.
Torched from mid-2023 as both nickel and platinum group metals prices came off and investors rebuked a poorly received scoping study on its Julimar nickel-copper-PGE project near Perth, Chalice has returned to the good books thanks to some upwards moves in palladium pricing.
Up at around US$1100/oz, plans from Sibanye to scale back production at its lossmaking US mines and suggestions Russia could put export restrictions on the precious metal have seen prices lift ~20% in around a week.
Chalice’s Gonneville deposit at Julimar was also awarded Strategic Project status by the WA Government on Tuesday, which will smooth its approvals pathway.
The mine, which has Mitsubishi on board as a strategic partner by way of a non-binding MoU, would become operational sometime around 2029 should metallurgical, permitting and financing questions be answered.
MTM announced further advancements in its flash joule heating processing technology yesterday, saying it achieved >90% lithium conversion in its spodumene calcination process testing.
The company thinks it can potentially revolutionise lithium processing flowsheets by improving the energy efficiency of the calcination process, the most energy intensive stage of lithium refining, accounting for over 50% of life cycle emissions.
“Achieving a commercial yield of over 90% for the calcination of spodumene is a significant breakthrough for the FJH process revolutionising how lithium is extracted in the future,” MTM CEO Michael Walshe said.
“The search for more sustainable, lower-energy calcination alternatives has long been a priority for the lithium industry, given the sheer energy and CO₂ intensity of traditional methods. While further testing is required, these results give us increased confidence in the FJH process.
“MTM continues to engage in commercial discussions with several leading industrial firms, and we look forward to providing further updates soon.”
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