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Health & Biotech
The notion of ‘everything old is new again’ applies not just to fickle fashion trends, but to drug development as well.
Drug reformulations are all the rage and it’s not such a bad thing. Think of Paradigm Biopharmaceuticals (ASX:PAR) with its promising efforts to repurpose a 60-year old drug – previously used to treat deep vein thrombosis and bladder diseases – as an orthopaedic treatment.
Or Suda Pharmaceuticals (ASX:SUD), with a range of oro-mucosal (spray) formulations. Or Medical Developments (ASX:MVP) with Penthrox, a tizzed up version of a front-line pain treatment used here since 1975.
PharmAust (ASX:PAA) is reviving an old animal drug – a parasitic sheep drench called monepantel – as a cancer curative for both animals and humans.
Marketed by Eli Lilly’s animal health arm Elanco as Zolvix, the treatment has been long approved in Europe, the UK and here.
Monepantel is thought to work by inhibiting the mTOR pathway which refers to mechanistic target of rapamycin: not a Harry Potter or Tolkien reference but a well-known oncology target.
“The fact that monepantel is already approved for animals in a number of major jurisdictions means that the development process is cheaper than it would be if monepantel were a new [approved pharmaceutical ingredient],” the company says.
Through its Epichem subsidiary, PharmAust provides export award-winning synthetic and medical chemistry services (contract research work) at its accredited Perth facilities.
PharmAust has a long and convoluted ASX history, having listed in October 2001 as Echo Technologies. Echo’s pursuits at the time were travel related, including an outfit called Tardis Travel.
By 2005, PharmAust had turned from sonic screwdrivers to mimotopes (research grade peptides for the drug discovery) and by 2010 Epichem was well-established as a contract research facility.
Epichem provides products and services in synthetic and medicinal chemistry to the drug discovery and pharmaceutical industries.
Specialties include custom synthesis of analogue libraries, scaffolds and intermediates; and reference standards of drug impurities, degradants and metabolites.
Out in the paddocks, meanwhile, a clinical oncologist and part-time sheep farmer named Professor David Morris fiddled with monepantel and chanced on its anti-cancer properties.
A spin off from St George’s Hospital in Sydney, where Professor Morris works, Pitney Pharmaceuticals negotiated an option for the animal cancer rights with Novartis (now Elanco) in 2012.
In return for handing over the rights, Elanco gets first dibs on any animal oncology drug developed by Pitney (now, of course, PharmAust).
Pitney Pharmaceuticals was acquired by PharmAust in 2015 in a $6m scrip deal that amounted to a back-door listing of Pitney.
Pitney was run by Dr Roger Aston, now PharmAust’s executive chairman.
Dr Aston needs no introduction in biotech circles as the former chair of Mayne Pharma (ASX:MYX) and current chair of Resapp Health (ASX:RAP) and director of Oncosil Medical (ASX:OSL), not to mention founder of Psivida (now the US-based Eyepoint) and owner of a Scottish castle.
Along the way, PharmAust has also shored up patent rights with St George’s Hospital’s commercialisation subsidiary New South Innovations.
In 2017, PharmAust also acquired the patents to 50 anti-cancer compounds from Japanese crop protection group Nihon Nohyaku. This intellectual property is “related to but distinct from” monepantel.
PharmAust is negotiating with Elanco to develop the veterinary health applications of monepantel, but given Elanco’s monepantel composition patent starts expiring in 2023 the company may have free rein after that date anyway.
Elanco hived-off from pharma giant Eli Lilly last year and listed in the US, raising $US1.5 billion ($2.2 billion).
A key benefit of the Elanco tie-up is that PharmAust can access the former’s safety, toxicology and chemistry data used to support the sheep drench approvals.
“I personally had a bit of concern giving a cancer product to sheep that ends up on someone’s dinner table,” Dr Aston says.
“We downloaded the Novartis dossier and found that because (monepantel) is part of the food chain, they had done extensive safety studies.”
While other canine cancer drugs are on the market, Pharmaust claims they are limited because of the side effects that the all-natural monepantel does not produce. Adverse tox events in cancer chemotherapy are one of the key limiting factors in effective treatment.
A previous pilot phase II canine study in 2017 and then a further study last year showed the drug was effective at improving progression-free survival (the length of time the pooch lives with the disease without it getting worse).
Of the four dogs treated in the 2017 study, three recorded tumor regression of between 2 per cent and 19 per cent, with an average shrinkage of 11 per cent.
A later trial in 2018 enrolled seven hounds with lymphoma and showed that monepantel significantly induced progression-free survival in six of them.
One historical problem with monepantel has been its foul taste – like floor polish we gather – which was fine for delivering down the throat of sheep via drench tubes but not for discerning dogs.
Happily, the company has been able to re-formulate the medicine in a “taste neutral” tablet formulation that the dogs will take from the hand of the owner.
READ:PharmAust says its cancer drug for fussy dogs is way tastier now
In alliance with Elanco, PharmAust is preparing for a pivotal phase II clinical trial for dogs with B-cell lymphoma.
The New South Wales Department of Primary Industries gave the ethical go-ahead for the trial in July, expected to start recruiting shortly (in case you’re wondering the dogs aren’t required to sign the consent forms).
Led by the University of Melbourne’s U-Vet Werribee Animal Hospital, the trial expects to treat 15 to 20 dogs initially, but the cohort will be expanded if the positive results continue over time.
On the human side, a phase I study at the Royal Adelaide Hospital established a reduction in cancer markers. Of the eight patients who started, two discontinued because of the drug palatability (foul taste) and two pulled out for other reasons.
Now the company is looking for clinical sites interested in doing a trial in hard-to-treat cancers such as glioblastoma or pancreatic cancer.
“We are talking to clinicians in Europe, UK and Australia to find which cancer we are going to target,” Dr Aston says.
“Once we have found which cancer we want to go for, we will do a major phase II study as we did for dogs.”
Unlike mice, the standard lab guinea pigs, dogs are closely related to human physiology and most canine cancer drugs are reformulations of human cancer therapies.
After years of important but unexciting development, PharmAust has appeared on the radar of excitable investors with the stock soaring 255 per cent since late June.
While it’s hard to pin down an exact catalyst, Dr Aston says the market expects a “meaningful corporate event” if the trial succeeds.
This could involve Elanco buying the drug – or, the cheaper option – Elanco buying PharmAust outright.
Dr Aston notes that Elanco is not averse to some acquisitive va-va voom, having just agreed to buy Bayer’s animal health unit for $US7.6 billion of cash and scrip.
Elanco also recently purchased vet oncology company Aratana.
In the meantime, PharmAust benefits from the steady-state Epichem business, which generated $3.7m of revenue in the 2017-18 year and is poised to turn over $4.2m this year.
As of June 30, PharmAust had cash of $2.09m, bolstered by a $2m two-for-one rights issue in February. Initially, the effort raised only $1.3m, but the shortfall offer gathered a further $700,000.
With the offer struck at 2.5c, the true believers were bang on the money and now have a howling 440 per cent gain.
PharmAust has raised $13.75m since the 2013 reverse listing. The company also pocketed $627,250 from a research and development incentive refund, applicable for the 2017-18 year.
PharmAust also has $325,000 of borrowing through a facility with export credit agency Export Finance Australia. This relates to a $466,000 loan for Elanco to build a second lab facility in Perth.
A $750,000 loan for an upgrade of its original lab in 2015 has been repaid.
READ: Check-up: Doggy cancer biotech PharmAust leads the pack
On the pet side, Pharmaust is riding the theme of ageing Western populations and the rise in single-person households, which elevates Molly and Ripley to two-legged status.
One in four dogs die of cancer, including half of dogs over 10 years old. As Dr Aston notes, even extending a beloved pet’s life by six quality months makes for an attractive commercial market.
Americans spend $US70 billion on pet care annually, including $US17 billion on vets and $US10.2 billion on drugs.
Naturally, the potential of a non-toxic cancer drug for the human market is compelling, but the company still has a long way to go.
In the meantime, Epichem ticks over decent revenue and keeps the lights burning at its Perth HQ.
Disclosure: Dr Boreham is not a qualified medical practitioner and does not possess a doctorate of any sort. While a polished individual, he can’t recall imbibing floor cleaner – not knowingly, at least.
This column first appeared in Biotech Daily.
Health & Biotech
Health & Biotech
Health & Biotech
